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Grandidier's trident bat
Grandidier's trident bat (''Paratriaenops auritus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae endemic to Madagascar. It was formerly assigned to the genus ''Triaenops'', but is now placed in the separate genus ''Paratriaenops''.
==Taxonomy==
Guillaume Grandidier first described the species in 1912, as ''Triaenops aurita'', on the basis of a single poorly preserved specimen collected at Diégo-Suarez (now Antsiranana) in northernmost Madagascar.〔Ranivo and Goodman, 2006, pp. 964–965〕 In his 1939 list of African mammals, Glover Morris Allen placed the species as a synonym of ''Triaenops furcula'' (now ''Paratriaenops furculus'') of western Madagascar,〔Allen, 1939, p. 82〕 and in his 1948 review of the genus ''Triaenops'', Jean Dorst concurred, as did John Edwards Hill, who reviewed the genus in 1982.〔Ranivo and Goodman, 2006, p. 964〕 In their 1995 study of Madagascar bats, however, R.L. Peterson and colleagues reinstated it as a species. They also changed the specific name to ''auritus'', presumably for gender agreement with the generic name ''Triaenops''.〔Simmons, 2005, p. 378〕
Julie Ranivo and Steven Goodman revised Madagascar ''Triaenops'' in 2006 and clarified the distinction between ''T. auritus'' of northern Madagascar and the closely related ''T. furculus'' of western Madagascar, which have nonoverlapping ranges.〔 Their paper reported the first new material of the species since its original description.〔Ranivo and Goodman, 2006, p. 965〕 They described a third species of this group in 2008—''Triaenops pauliani'' (now ''Paratriaenops pauliani'') from Aldabra in the nearby Seychelles.〔Goodman and Ranivo, 2008, p. 681〕 In 2007 and 2008, Amy Russell and colleagues investigated the relationships among ''Triaenops'' species using DNA sequence data; they confirmed the relationship between ''T. auritus'' and ''T. furculus'' and their status as distinct species.〔Russell et al., 2007, fig. 2; 2008〕 In view of the significant differences between the ''T. furculus'' group and other species of ''Triaenops'', Petr Benda and Peter Villa removed the former in 2009 to a separate genus, ''Paratriaenops''.〔Benda and Villa, 2009, p. 34〕 ''Triaenops'' still includes the Malagasy species ''Triaenops menamena'' (formerly ''Triaenops rufus''), which is widespread in western Madagascar and overlaps with ''P. auritus'' and ''P. furculus'' in range,〔Russell et al., 2007, fig. 1〕 and ''Triaenops goodmani'', an extinct species described in 2007〔Samonds, 2007, p. 46〕 that may also be related to ''Paratriaenops''.〔Russell et al., 2008, p. 1001〕
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